منتـــــــدى سنبو الكبرى

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منتـــــــدى سنبو الكبرى

أهلا وسهلا بك زائرنا الكريم، إذا كانت هذه زيارتك الأولى للمنتدى، فيرجى التكرم بزيارة صفحة التعليمـــات. كما يشرفنا أن تقوم بالتسجيل بالضغط هناwww.egysenbo.com/vb

منتـــــــدى سنبو الكبرى

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    مُساهمة من طرف ???????? الأربعاء يوليو 14, 2010 10:23 am




    Language Functions
    GIVING ADVICE


    • I don't think you should work so hard.
    • You ought to work less.
    • You ought not to work so hard.
    • If I were you, I'd work less.
    • If I were in your position, I'd work less.
    • If I were in your shoes, I'd work less.
    • You had better work less.
    • You shouldn't work so hard.
    • Whatever you do, don't work so hard.

    Making Complaints



    • I'm sorry to have to say this but...

    • I'm sorry to bother you, but...

    • Maybe you forgot to...

    • I think you might have forgotten to...

    • Excuse me if I'm out of line, but...

    • There may have been a misunderstanding about...

    • Don't get me wrong, but I think we should...

    [center]Making Suggestions



    • Why don't you / we go to the movies tonight

    • You / we could visit New York while you're / we're there

    • Let's go to the travel agent's this afternoon to book our ticket

    • What about asking your brother for help

    • How about going to Hawaii for your vacation

    • I suggest ( you / we ) take all the factors into consideration before we
      decide












    Paragraph Writing
    Exercises
    [/center]
    There are two main ideas which you must put in consideration
    when writing a paragraph :
    FIRST: ORGANIZATION OF THE
    PARAGRAPH
    A. Unity: It means that all the sentences refer to the main idea, or the
    topic of the paragraph.     وهى تعني أن كل الجمل تشير الى الفكرة الرئيسية أو
    الموضوع
    Exercise 1:
    The original student paper:
    In weekdays I arrive home at five o'clock
    and I have lunch.
    I had a computer but now it doesn't
    work.
    Of course the main idea of the paragraph is : My life at
    home

    B. Coherence: It means that the sentences should be organized in a logical
    manner and should follow a definite plan of development.
    وهي تعني أن
    الجمل أو الأفكار يجب أن تكون مرتبة بطريقة منطقية وكل فكرة تتطور بخطة محددة أو
    معروفة
    Exercise 2: The original student paper:
    I want to talk about friendship. Friends
    can change your life. So, you must know who is a real friend. Firstly, your
    friend must understand you and of course, you must understand her, too. I think,
    another important point in a friendship is confidence. You mustn't tell lies to
    each other. In addition, you must say everything about yourself. I think these
    are important for a friendship. If you have a friend like this, you don't break
    up with her because a real friend is not found easily.

    How do we understand that "I want to talk
    about friendship." is a nonsense sentence? If we leave the nonsense sentence
    out, the content and meaning of the paragraph does not change



    D. Lack of Topic
    Sentence
    Topic sentence is the main idea, your
    attitude, your evaluation of something.
    Having no
    topic sentence is bad both for the writer and the reader. First, the reader has
    to read the entire paragraph to get to the point. Here, the example is one
    paragraph long. What if the example was a paper of 2-3 pages? This is one side.
    Lack of a topic sentence also causes the writer to drift away from the topic. He
    loses control over the writing. He may write 3 sentences about one controlling
    idea and 1 for the other which causes an imbalance within the writing.




    Exercise 4: Try to write only a topic
    sentence for this paragraph.
    First of all, a friend mustn't tell lie. He
    must always tell me the truth and he must be honest because if there is honesty
    between two friends, their relationship will last until death. In addition to
    honesty, helping or being near a friend on a bad day is very important. Another
    point to consider is that he must criticize me if I make a mistake.


    If we list the ideas, here is what we
    get:
    A friend must:
    · not tell a
    lie     · be there for him on a
    bad day     · criticize when
    necessary
    The list and the paragraph are the same
    length because the ideas in the paragraph are also listed without explanation.
    This means, the ideas are not developed. It also lacks a topic sentence. Now you
    can write the paragraph again creating a topic sentence and some explanation of
    the ideas provided.
    أسفل النموذج

    See our suggestion:
    There are three qualities that I need to see in a good
    friend. First, a good friend shouldn't tell lies. I need to trust him so that I
    can talk to him. Second, a good friend should be there when I needed him. I
    should be able to find him near me when I am in a bad mood or when I have a
    problem. Finally, when necessary, he should criticize me so that I can change my
    undesirable behaviour or see where I am wrong. I think, these three qualities
    are the basic properties in a good friend.


    Second : VOCABULARY
    CHOICE
    Many reasons play a role in our vocabulary
    mistakes. There are some English words and expressions that are confused
    throughout the world where English is used. There even are dictionaries of
    common language errors. For example, effect/affect, advise/advice.


    As friends may affect us in a negative or positive way, we
    should be selective in choosing our friends. First, we observe their behaviour.
    We should have similar characters so that we can get along. Second, the types of
    activities they prefer can give us a clue. If we are not a cigarette-smoker or a
    cursing person, we wouldn't want to see such people around us. Finally, physical
    appearances should be compatible as well. Some people may not agree with me, but
    I think a very short person and a very tall person would not be able to get on
    well for a long time. In short, behaviors, types of activities, and physical
    appearance of friends must be similar to be good friends.
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